Child Vaccination
Schedule of child vaccine
The schedule of 0-11 months and 15 months child vaccination
| Name of diseases | Name of vaccines | Dose of vaccines | Number of doses | Interval of doses | The right time to start vaccine | Place of vaccine | Application of vaccine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tuberculosis | BCG | 0.05 ml | 1 | – | Right after birth | Upper part of the left arm | In the skin |
| Diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, hepatitis B, haemophilus influenza B | Pentavalent vaccine (DPT hepatitis B, hib) | 0.05 ml | 3 | 4 weeks | 6 weeks | The outer middle of the thighs (1st-left 2nd-right 3rd-right Thighs | Muscle |
| Pneumococcal pneumonia | PCV vaccine | 0.05 ml | 3 | 4 weeks | 6 weeks | The outer middle of the thighs (1st-left 2nd-right 3rd-right Thighs | Muscle |
| Polio myelitis | OPD | 2 drops or according to the instructions | 4 | 4 weeks | 6 weeks | Face | Face |
| Measles and rubella | MR vaccine | 0.5 ml | 1 | – | Right after 9 months | The outer middle of the thighs (right thigh) | Under the skin |
| Measles | Measles vaccine | 0.5 ml | 1 | – | Right after 15 months | The outer middle of the thighs (left thigh) | Under the skin |
The OPV vaccine will have a total of 4 doses. 4th dosage should be given with the MR vaccine. Additional dose of OPV can also be within 14 days of birth. All the vaccine doses should be completed according to the above schedule. If you don’t follow this rule then the vaccine is possible to be ineffective.
Effective vaccine
Following the right schedule and maintaining minimum break during vaccine is known as effective vaccine. Such as the first dose of pentavalent vaccine after 6 weeks or 42 days of childbirth and MR vaccine after 9 months have passed or 270 days, will be effective vaccine.
Ineffective vaccine
If you don’t follow the right schedule of the vaccine or you take it before the minimum break is known as ineffective vaccine. Example- If the second dose of pentavalent vaccine is given before completing 28 days, after the first dose, it is called ineffective vaccine.
Side effects and complexity after vaccination
Although there are slight side effect in the vaccine, few cases are very deadly. What are the possible side effects and complexity of different vaccines are given in the chart below and what measures should be taken in that case are shown below-
| Vaccine | Possible side effects | Management |
|---|---|---|
| BCG | After 2 weeks of vaccination, the place turns into red.After 2-3 week, there are strong rashes, wounds.Small stains are left. | No medicines or oils can be applied in wounds. Vaccination place should be opened. The wounds will dry by own. |
| Pentavalent vaccine | 2-3 days little fever.The place of vaccine may be slightly red, get swollen and painful. | Will be good in a few days. The baby should be repeatedly breastfed. |
| PCV | 2-3 days little fever.The place of vaccine may be slightly red, get swollen and painful. | Will be good in a few days. The baby will be repeatedly breastfed. |
| OPV | No side effects | – |
| HR | The place of vaccine may be slightly red, get swollen and painful.After vaccination there may be slight fever, unrest and slight grains.Lymph gland may causes inflammation in the swelling. | No treatment needed. Pain will be gone soon. The baby will be repeatedly breastfed. Besides, there is also a lot of fluid food along with normal food. |
| Measles | The place of vaccine may be slightly red, get swollen and painful.After vaccination there may be slight fever and slight grains | No treatment needed. Pain will be gone soon. The baby will be repeatedly breastfed. Besides, there is also a lot of fluid food along with normal food. |
| TT | The place of vaccine may be slightly red, get swollen and painful. | No treatment needed. The pain will be solved soon. |
| Pentavalent vaccine | After pentavalent vaccine, some babies can be seizure.Anaphylaxis can be occurred.Continuous crying (more than 3 hours). | After pentavalent vaccine, if babies got seizure or Anaphylaxis, then instead of pentavalent you give them dose of TT. Such baby can never be given pentavalent vaccine ever.Frequently crying babies usually return to normal condition within a day.The next dose of vaccine will be taken. |
| MR vaccine | There may be seizure with fever.Anaphylaxis can happen (intense allergic reaction). | Immediately consult with doctor. |
| Every type of vaccines | If the immunization application is defective the vaccination may result in abscess. | Immediately consult with doctor. |
What to do when abscess occurs in injection area:
After 4-10 days of injection, if the place becomes hot, reddish or becomes very tough and there is a lot of pain in that place then you have to understand that it should be a symptom of infection. Fever may occur at this time. You have to take the child to doctor. Even though, the next doses of vaccine and schedule of vaccine must be followed strictly.
When vaccination can be given?
- Vaccinate can be done in almost all cases. If you have a small fever or pain in vaccination, it is more risky to get sick without vaccination.
- The child suffering from malnutrition must be vaccinated. They have less immunity power. For increasing their immunity, vaccination is important.
- If there is any rash in the body or if there are measles or rubella in the past then you should give one dose of MR vaccine when the baby is nine months or 270 days old and the 2nd dose vaccine of measles should be given when it is 15 months old.
When vaccination can not be given?
Only for following reason, you cannot give vaccine:
- You cannot give it to a sick child.
- If the baby is suffered by seizure or become fit after the previous pentavalent vaccination. In this case you should not give the next pentavalent vaccine. So, now instead of pentavalent vaccine you should give them 1 dose of TT vaccine and all other vaccine should be given accordingly (OPV, MR, and measles).
If there is any serious side effect after giving a previous vaccination, you must consult the physician before giving the next vaccine.
